Gift tax 101: How gifting money to children works

Gifting money to loved ones is a fairly common practice. However, understanding the IRS rules around gifting money can feel overwhelming. Whether you're curious about the tax implications of gifting money or have questions like "Can my parents give me $100,000?", we're here to help. Let's dig into some of the key aspects of gift tax, gifting limits, and tax-free gifts according to the latest IRS guidelines.

Gift tax, also known as gifting money tax, is a federal tax imposed on the transfer of property or money from one person to another without receiving fair compensation in return. The IRS considers gifts as taxable income, although certain exemptions and exclusions apply. Understanding how gift tax works is fundamental to ensure compliance with IRS regulations and to avoid potential penalties.

The IRS oversees the administration of the gift tax in the United States. Under current IRS regulations, anyone can give a certain amount of money or property to another person each year without incurring gift tax consequences. This amount is known as the annual gift tax exclusion.

The annual gift tax exclusion allows individuals to gift a specific amount to as many recipients as they wish without triggering gift tax obligations. As of February 2024, the annual exclusion limit is $18,000 per recipient. This means you can gift up to $18,000 to each person annually without reporting the gift to the IRS or reducing your lifetime gift and estate tax exemption amount.

Gift tax limits refer to the maximum amount of money or property that one person can give to another person each year without triggering gift tax consequences. As of February 2024, the gift tax limit was $18,000 per year per recipient. This limit is set by the IRS and is adjusted periodically to account for inflation or changes in tax laws.

<wbr><wbr>On the other hand, gifting limits are a broader concept encompassing various considerations beyond just tax implications. While gift tax limits specifically pertain to the amount of gifts that can be given without incurring gift tax, gifting limits may also refer to practical or strategic considerations when giving gifts. For example, individuals may consider factors such as their financial resources, the recipient's needs, and the overall impact on their estate plan when determining how much to give as a gift.

In addition to the annual gift tax exclusion, certain gifts are exempt from gift tax regardless of their value. These include gifts to a spouse, payments made directly to educational or medical institutions on behalf of someone else, and gifts that qualify for the lifetime gift and estate tax exemptions.

While the annual gift tax exclusion limits the amount of money or property that can be given away each year without incurring gift tax, the lifetime gift tax exemption provides a cumulative limit on the total value of taxable gifts made over an individual's lifetime. As of February 2024, the lifetime gift tax exemption is $13.61 million.

While gifts to family members are subject to the same IRS rules as gifts to anyone else, certain types of gifts may be tax-deductible under specific circumstances. Let's look at a few scenarios where deductions may apply:

• Charitable gifts: Donations to qualified charitable organizations affiliated with family members.
• Medical expenses: Payments made directly to medical providers for a family member's qualified medical expenses.
• Educational expenses: Contributions to qualified academic institutions for a family member's educational expenses.
• Business gifts: Certain business-related gifts given in the context of a business relationship with family members.
• Estate planning strategies: Gifts made as part of estate planning strategies.

Some commonly asked questions when it comes to gift tax can be, "Can I gift my adult children money?" or "Can I gift $100,000 to my son?" The answer to both questions is yes. However, gifting money to children can have financial and tax implications for both the giver and the recipient.

While gifts below the annual exclusion limit are generally not subject to gift tax, larger gifts may require filing a gift tax return. Additionally, recipients of substantial gifts may need to report them as income, depending on the circumstances. Understanding the tax implications beforehand can help both parties make informed decisions regarding gifting.

Gifts made during one's lifetime can affect estate planning and inheritance tax. By strategically gifting money to family members and other beneficiaries, you can reduce the taxable value of your estate, potentially minimizing estate tax obligations upon your passing. Here are some common inheritance tax exemptions:

• Spousal exemption: In many jurisdictions, assets passing to a surviving spouse are exempt from inheritance tax. This exemption allows married couples to transfer assets to each other freely without incurring tax liabilities upon the first spouse's death.
• Charitable exemption: Assets left to qualified charitable organizations are often exempt from inheritance tax. This exemption encourages charitable giving and provides tax incentives for individuals to include charitable bequests in their estate plans.
• Small estate exemption: Some jurisdictions provide exemptions for small estates below a certain threshold value. Estates valued below this threshold may be exempt from inheritance tax altogether or may even qualify for reduced tax rates.
• Family home exemption: In certain jurisdictions, an exemption may apply to the family home or primary residence passed down to heirs, allowing them to inherit the property without triggering inheritance tax liability.
• Personal exemption: Many jurisdictions offer a personal exemption or allowance that applies to each individual's estate. This exemption allows a certain portion of an estate's value to pass tax-free to heirs or beneficiaries before inheritance tax applies.
• Specific asset exemptions: Some assets may be exempt from inheritance tax based on their nature or purpose. For example, life insurance proceeds, retirement accounts, and certain types of trust assets may qualify for exemptions under specific circumstances.
• Farm or business exemption: In agricultural or business contexts, certain jurisdictions offer exemptions or favorable tax treatment for family-owned farms or businesses passed down to heirs. These exemptions aim to support the continuity of family-owned enterprises.

There typically is a tax advantage to gifting money. Gifting money can offer several advantages, such as:

• Reducing potential estate tax liability by decreasing the size of your taxable estate.
• Utilizing the annual gift tax exclusion to transfer assets tax-free up to a certain limit each year.
• Leveraging the lifetime gift tax exemption to transfer significant assets over your lifetime without incurring gift tax.
• Shifting income-producing assets to family members in lower tax brackets, potentially resulting in tax savings.
• Qualifying for certain deductions or credits, such as deductions for charitable gifts or contributions to education or medical expenses.

You've just received $100,000 from your parents. You may be asking yourself, "Do I have to report gifted money as income?" or "Do you have to pay tax on gifts from parents?" or even, "How much money can a person receive as a gift without being taxed?"

While gifts below the annual exclusion limit generally do not require reporting to the IRS, larger gifts may necessitate filing a gift tax return. Form 709, United States Gift (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return, is used to report gifts exceeding the annual exclusion limit. Failing to file a gift tax return when required can result in penalties and interest charges. So, it's important to understand the reporting requirements and deadlines associated with gift tax returns.

Gifting money can be a generous gesture to show appreciation or support for your loved ones. By staying informed about the IRS rules surrounding gift tax and understanding the tax implications associated with gifting money, you can easily go forward and gift. As always, it's best to consult with tax professionals and estate planning experts about your individual financial circumstances.

The above article is intended to provide generalized financial information designed to educate a broad segment of the public; it does not give personalized tax, investment, legal, or other business and professional advice. Before taking any action, you should always seek the assistance of a professional who knows your particular situation for advice on taxes, your investments, the law, or any other business and professional matters that affect you and/or your business.